There are several types of nonwoven thickness gauges available, each employing different measurement principles and technologies. Here are some common types:

1. Mechanical Thickness Gauges: Mechanical gauges use a mechanical compression technique to measure the thickness of nonwoven fabrics. They typically consist of an anvil and a measuring head. The fabric is placed between the anvil and the measuring head, and the gauge applies a specific pressure to determine the thickness by measuring the compression of the fabric. Mechanical gauges are straightforward to use and provide reliable measurements.

2. Ultrasonic Thickness Gauges: Ultrasonic gauges use ultrasonic waves to measure the thickness of nonwoven fabrics. The gauge emits high-frequency sound waves that travel through the fabric and are reflected back. By measuring the time taken for the waves to travel through the fabric and return, the gauge calculates the fabric's thickness. Ultrasonic gauges are non-destructive and can provide accurate measurements even on thick or multi-layered fabrics.

3. Optical Thickness Gauges: Optical gauges utilize optical sensors to measure the thickness of nonwoven fabrics. They employ techniques such as laser triangulation or optical interference to determine the distance between the sensor and the fabric surface, allowing for thickness measurement. Optical gauges can provide fast and precise measurements without physically touching the fabric. They are suitable for delicate or sensitive materials.

4. Pneumatic Thickness Gauges: Pneumatic gauges use air pressure to measure the thickness of nonwoven fabrics. The fabric is placed between two flat surfaces, and air pressure is applied to compress the fabric. The pressure required to achieve a specific compression level is measured and used to determine the fabric's thickness. Pneumatic gauges are often used for thicker or denser nonwoven materials.

5. Capacitance Thickness Gauges: Capacitance gauges measure the thickness of nonwoven fabrics based on changes in electrical capacitance. The gauge consists of two electrodes, and the fabric is placed between them. As the thickness of the fabric changes, the capacitance between the electrodes also changes, allowing for thickness measurement. Capacitance gauges are suitable for measuring thin nonwoven materials and can provide precise measurements.

6. Micrometer Thickness Gauges: Micrometer gauges, also known as dial thickness gauges or caliper gauges, are handheld instruments used to measure the thickness of nonwoven fabrics. They consist of a frame, a measuring jaw, and a dial or digital display. The fabric is placed between the jaws, and the thickness is measured by closing the jaws and reading the measurement from the display. Micrometer gauges are simple, compact, and widely used for quick thickness measurements.

These are some of the common types of nonwoven thickness gauges available in the market. The choice of gauge depends on factors such as the specific application, accuracy requirements, material properties, and budget considerations.